Fundamentals of Crypto Networks and Blockchain

Cryptographically safe systems and digital money, independent from institutions, has been aresearch topic for over 40 years:

• Cerf and Kahn, “A Protocol for Packet Network Intercommunication” (1974) TCP/IP
• Whitfield Diffie and Martin Hellman, “New Directions in CryptographV ‘ (1976)
• RSA Public key Cryptosystems (1978)
• Ralph Merkle, “Protocols for public key cryptosystems” (1980)
• Murray Rothbard, “The Ethics of Liberty” (1982)
• David Chaum , “Untraceable Electronic Mail, Return Addresses, and Digital Pseudonyms” (1981)
• David Chaum , “Blind Signatures for Untraceable Payments” (1983)
• Elliptic Curve Cryptography (1985)
• Timothy C. May, “The Crypto Anarchist’s Manifesto” (1988)
• David Chaum , Founded Digicash (1989)
• Phil Zimmerman, Pretty Good Privacy PGP (1991)
• S. Haber, W.S. Stornetta , “How to time stamp a digital document” (1991)

Cypherpunks founded in SF (1992) by Eric Hughes, Timothy C. May and John Gilmore

• Tim Berners Lee, World Wide Web (1992)
• Eric Hughes, “A Cypherpunk’s Manifesto” (1993)
• Timothy C. May, “The Cyphernomicon ” (1994)
• CyberCash (1994)
• NSA, “How To Make a Mint” (1996)
• E gold (1996)
• Adam Back, HashCash , DOS counter measure w/ proof of work (1997)
• Nick Szabo, “Formalizing and Securing Relationships on Public Networks” (1997) Smart Contracts, Third part vulnerabilities
• Nick Szabo, “Securing Property Titles with Owner Authority/’ (1998) Timestamped database
• Bit Gold (1998)
• Wei Dai, “B money’ (1998) decentralized database to record transactions and using a type of proof of work
• Bram Cohen, BitTorrent (2001)
• Distributed Hash Tables (2001)
• Hal Finney, “Reusable Proof of work” (2004)
• Liberty Reserve (2006)